Medical Coding In Trivandrum

                                    PATHOLOGY

Pathology is a branch of medical science that involves the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), bodily fluids, and in some cases the whole body (autopsy). Aspects of a bodily specimen that may be considered include its gross anatomical make up, appearance of the cells using immunological markers and chemical signatures in the cells. Pathology also includes the related scientific study of disease processes whereby the causes, mechanisms and extent of disease are examined. Areas of study include cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis (death of living cells or tissues), inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia (abnormal new growth of cells). Pathologists specialize in a wide range of diseases including cancer and the vast majority of cancer diagnoses are made by pathologists. The cellular pattern of tissue samples are observed under a microscope to help determine if a sample is cancerous or non-cancerous (benign). Pathologists also employ genetic studies and gene markers in the assessment of various diseases. Pathology is a branch of medical science primarily concerning the cause, origin and nature of disease. It involves the examination of tissues, organs, bodily fluids and autopsies in order to study and diagnose disease.

A clinical pathologist may be in charge of the blood bank in a hospital. This includes collecting and processing blood and blood products. Other duties may include looking at the causes of transfusion reactions and checking tissue compatibility for transplants.

Other branches of pathology include:

• Anatomic pathology. The study of tissues, organs, and tumors.

• Cytopathology. The study of cellular changes and everything related to cells.

• Forensic pathology. Doing autopsies and legal pathology tests.

• Molecular pathology. The study of DNA and RNA sequencing, genes, and genetics.

• Pathology is a medical specialty studying disease processes, how they develop and what they are caused by and the application of this knowledge to the diagnosis of disease. Pathology is considered part of laboratory medicine, a group of medical specialties that study body fluids, such as blood and urine, and cells or tissues to diagnose specific diseases and thus assist medical practitioners in identifying the cause and severity of disease, and in monitoring treatment.

Clinical pathology covers many lab functions. It is concerned with disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clinical pathologists are healthcare providers with special training. They often direct all the special divisions of the lab. This may include the following:

• Blood bank
• Clinical chemistry and biology
• Toxicology
• Hematology
• Immunology and serology
• Microbiology

 Who are Pathologists ? Pathologists are medical doctors who take at least four years of training after medical school in order to become familiar with all aspects of using cells and tissues, interpret microscopic images and the results of molecular tests, make detailed and accurate diagnoses, predict the outcome of disease, and, more recently, determine how patients will respond to special forms of treatment. Although pathologists have limited direct patient contact, they are essential members of the patient's primary health care team.

The modern pathology laboratory requires the skills of highly trained professional scientists and technicians, to ensure that a maximum of relevant information is extracted from the often very small cell or tissue samples and that the investigations are performed efficiently and accurately.Specimens can be body fluids, such as blood or urine, from which cells are extracted which can then be further analysed in detail. Specimens can be cells taken from body surfaces such as the cervix of the uterus to make preparations for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection or cervical precancer.

Specimens can be small tissue samples taken at endoscopy or by sampling an organ with a needle. Specimens can also be organs or parts of organs resected by the surgeon, or a whole body, in case of an autopsy.Once the specimen has arrived in the laboratory, depending on the tests requested, various expert departments may be involved in the investigation. Some tests are simple and can be performed rapidly, though more complex tests can take days. Some tests can only be performed by highly specialised laboratories.Pathology is the medical specialty concerned with the study of the nature and causes of diseases. It underpins every aspect of medicine, from diagnostic testing and monitoring of chronic diseases to cutting-edge genetic research and blood transfusion technologies. Pathology is integral to the diagnosis of every cancer

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